As hard as it may be to believe on the chilliest days of the year, the Earth is getting warmer, and that's not a good thing. Global warming refers to a rise in the long-term average temperature of the Earth and the troposphere (the lower atmosphere) due to natural causes and human activities, particularly the emissions of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels. While the Earth has experienced warming trends in the past, this episode is occurring at an accelerated pace and the effects are already in evidence: temperature extremes, rising sea levels, and wildlife extinction among them. For more on global warming, click here.